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python Web开发 flask轻量级Web框架实战项目--学生管理系统

时间:2024-04-10 15:00:31 来源:网络cs 作者:康由 栏目:防关联工具 阅读:

标签: 实战  项目  管理  系统  学生 

 上次发的一篇文章,有很多朋友私信我要后面的部分,那咱们就今天来一起学习一下吧,因为我的数据库这门课选中的课题是学生管理系统,所以今天就以这个课题为例子,从0到1去实现一个管理系统。数据库设计部分我会专门出一个博客的,敬请期待吧~~~


介如很多朋友问源码,我已经将它上传到github上。(内有sql文件,可直接导入数据库使用)

看到这了点个赞再走吧

wuyongch/-Student-management-system: 该学生管理系统使用python+flask框架+mysql数据库 实现学生录入、学生信息修改、学生课程录入和查询、毕业学生去向查询、教师开设课程查看、管理超级用户 (github.com)

效果展现

一、实现登录功能

这里我就不细讲了,感兴趣的可以看下面这个博客👇

(5条消息) python Web开发 flask轻量级Web框架实战项目--实现功能--账号密码登录界面(连接数据库Mysql)_flask web开发实战_吴永畅的博客-CSDN博客

这次有点不同的是 需要把登录功能封装成一个login函数,然后我为了省事呢就把数据库连接放在外部。

代码实现(前端登录界面在上方博客里)

# 初始化app = flask.Flask(__name__)# 使用pymysql.connect方法连接本地mysql数据库db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', port=3306, user='root',             password='root', database='student', charset='utf8')# 操作数据库,获取db下的cursor对象cursor = db.cursor()# 存储登陆用户的名字用户其它网页的显示users = []@app.route("/", methods=["GET", "POST"])def login():    # 增加会话保护机制(未登陆前login的session值为空)    flask.session['login'] = ''    if flask.request.method == 'POST':        user = flask.request.values.get("user", "")        pwd = flask.request.values.get("pwd", "")        # 防止sql注入,如:select * from admins where admin_name = '' or 1=1 -- and password='';        # 利用正则表达式进行输入判断        result_user = re.search(r"^[a-zA-Z]+$", user)  # 限制用户名为全字母        result_pwd = re.search(r"^[a-zA-Z\d]+$", pwd)  # 限制密码为 字母和数字的组合        if result_user != None and result_pwd != None:  # 验证通过            msg = '用户名或密码错误'            # 正则验证通过后与数据库中数据进行比较            # sql = "select * from sys_user where username='" + \            #       user + "' and password='" + pwd + "';"            sql1 = "select * from admins where admin_name='" + \                user + " ' and admin_password='" + pwd + "';"            # cursor.execute(sql)            cursor.execute(sql1)            result = cursor.fetchone()            # 匹配得到结果即管理员数据库中存在此管理员            if result:                # 登陆成功                flask.session['login'] = 'OK'                users.append(user)  # 存储登陆成功的用户名用于显示                return flask.redirect(flask.url_for('student'))                # return flask.redirect('/file')        else:  # 输入验证不通过            msg = '非法输入'    else:        msg = ''        user = ''    return flask.render_template('login.html', msg=msg, user=user)

二、学生信息录入功能

 这里我们可以录入的信息是学生学号、学生姓名、班级、性别等。

首先用户登录成功之后,跳转到学生信息录入界面,系统需要显示出学生表信息。

    if flask.request.method == 'GET':        sql_list = "select * from students_infos"        cursor.execute(sql_list)        results = cursor.fetchall()    if flask.request.method == 'POST':        # 获取输入的学生信息        student_id = flask.request.values.get("student_id", "")        student_class = flask.request.values.get("student_class", "")        student_name = flask.request.values.get("student_name", "")        student_sex = flask.request.values.get("student_sex")        print(student_id, student_class, student_name, student_sex)

插入数据只需要写入sql语句,并且执行该语句就可以,异常处理是个人习惯,在插入失败是系统给予提示,这里的sql语句都是写活的,真正的数据是来源于页面输入,其实就是调用了sql语句插入成功后,学生表就会自动同步显示在前端页面上。

完整代码如下

@app.route('/student', methods=['GET', "POST"])def student():    # login session值    if flask.session.get("login", "") == '':        # 用户没有登陆        print('用户还没有登陆!即将重定向!')        return flask.redirect('/')    insert_result = ''    # 当用户登陆有存储信息时显示用户名,否则为空    if users:        for user in users:            user_info = user    else:        user_info = ''    # 获取显示数据信息    if flask.request.method == 'GET':        sql_list = "select * from students_infos"        cursor.execute(sql_list)        results = cursor.fetchall()    if flask.request.method == 'POST':        # 获取输入的学生信息        student_id = flask.request.values.get("student_id", "")        student_class = flask.request.values.get("student_class", "")        student_name = flask.request.values.get("student_name", "")        student_sex = flask.request.values.get("student_sex")        print(student_id, student_class, student_name, student_sex)        try:            # 信息存入数据库            sql = "create table if not exists students_infos(student_id varchar(10) primary key,student_class varchar(100),student_name varchar(32),student_sex VARCHAR(4));"            cursor.execute(sql)            sql_1 = "insert into students_infos(student_id, student_class, student_name, student_sex )values(%s,%s,%s,%s)"            cursor.execute(sql_1, (student_id, student_class, student_name, student_sex))            insert_result = "成功存入一条学生信息"            print(insert_result)        except Exception as err:            print(err)            insert_result = "学生信息插入失败"            print(insert_result)            pass        db.commit()        # POST方法时显示数据        sql_list = "select * from students_infos"        cursor.execute(sql_list)        results = cursor.fetchall()    return flask.render_template('student.html', insert_result=insert_result, user_info=user_info, results=results)

student前端页面(需要自取,点个赞哦)

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">    <title>学生成绩管理系统</title>    <link rel="icon" href="http://v3.bootcss.com/favicon.ico">     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../static/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>    <style>            .container {            position: absolute;            width: 100%;            height: 100%;    }        * {            margin: 0;            padding: 0;        }        ul {            list-style-type: none;            margin: 0;            padding: 0;            width: 200px;            background-color: #f1f1f1;        }        li a {            display: block;            color: #000;            padding: 8px 16px;            text-decoration: none;        }        li a.active {            background-color: #4CAF50;            color: white;        }        li a:hover:not(.active) {            background-color: #555;            color: white;        }        li {            list-style: none;        }        a {            text-decoration: none;            color: white;        }        .header {            position: relative;            width: 100%;            height: 55px;            background-color: black;        }        .left {            position: absolute;            left: 20px;            font-size: 20px;            line-height: 55px;            color: white;            text-align: center;        }        .right {            position: absolute;            right: 160px;            line-height: 55px;            color: white;            text-align: center;        }        .right_right {            position: absolute;            right: 24px;            line-height: 55px;            color: white;            text-align: center;        }        .leftside {            float: left;            background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);            /* height: 663px; */            width: 230px;        }        .leftside ul {            height: 663px;        }        .leftside .first {            background-color: rgb(66, 139, 202);            margin-top: 25px;        }        .leftside .first a {            color: white;        }        .leftside {            float: left;            width: 200px;            height: 100%;        }        .leftside ul li {            border-bottom: 0.2px solid white;            font-size: 20px;            height: 60px;            line-height: 60px;            width: 100%;            text-align: center;        }        .container-fluid {            float: none;            width: 100%;            height: 100%;        }        /* .sub-header {            margin-top: 5px;        } */        .table-responsive {            margin-top: 10px;        }        .table-striped {            width: 1250px;        }        thead tr th {            background-color: white;        }    </style></head><body><div class="container">    <div class="header">        <span class="left">学 生 信 息 录 入</span>        <span class="right">你 好,{{user_info}}管 理 员!</span>        <span class="right_right"><a href="/">退出登陆</a></span>    </div>    <div class="leftside">        <ul>            <li class="first"><a href="/student">学生信息录入</a></li>            <li><a href ="/updata_student">学生信息修改</a></li>            <li><a href="/teacher_class">老师开设课程查看</a></li>            <li><a href="/teacher">选课信息录入</a></li>            <li><a href="/grade">成绩信息录入</a></li>            <li><a href="/grade_infos">学生成绩查询</a></li>            <li><a href="/graduation">毕业去向</a></li>            <li><a href="/adminstator">系统管理员变动</a></li>        </ul>    </div>    <div class="container-fluid">        <h1 class="sub-header">学 生 信 息 录 入 系 统</h1>&nbsp;&nbsp;        <hr>        <div class="table-responsive">            <table class="table table-striped">                <thead>                    <tr>                        <th>学号</th>                        <th>班级</th>                        <th>姓名</th>                        <th>性别</th>                    </tr>                </thead>                <tbody>                    <tr>                        <form action="" method="post">                            <td><input class="long" name="student_id" type="text" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>                            <td><input class="long" name="student_class" type="text" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;                            </td>                            <td><input class="long" name="student_name"                                    type="text" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;                            </td>                             <td><input class="long" name="student_sex"                                    type="text" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;                            </td>                            <td><input class="last" type="submit" value="提交" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>                            <td><span>提交结果:{{insert_result}}</span></td>                        </form>                    </tr>                    <tr>                        <td>学生学号</td>                        <td>所属班级</td>                        <td>学生姓名</td>                        <td>学生性别</td>                    </tr>                    {% for result in results %}                    <tr>                        <td>{{result[0]}}</td>                        <td>{{result[1]}}</td>                        <td>{{result[2]}}</td>                        <td>{{result[3]}}</td>                    </tr>                    {% endfor %}                </tbody>            </table>        </div>    </div></div></body></html>

三、学生信息变动功能(修改班级和姓名or删除学生)

如图所示 吴永畅现在的班级是软件工程212 现在要修改为软件工程213 那么就在下拉框里选择修改学生班级,然后把学生学号和姓名填入,在学生班级那里填入修改后的班级。

 修改后:

原理都是一样的,执行对应的sql语句即可,这里就不赘述了。 

 完整代码

@app.route('/updata_student', methods=['GET', "POST"])def updata_student():    # login session值    if flask.session.get("login", "") == '':        # 用户没有登陆        print('用户还没有登陆!即将重定向!')        return flask.redirect('/')    insert_result = ''    # 获取显示学生数据信息(GET方法的时候显示数据)    if flask.request.method == 'GET':        sql_list = "select * from students_infos"        cursor.execute(sql_list)        results = cursor.fetchall()    # 当用户登陆有存储信息时显示用户名,否则为空    if users:        for user in users:            user_info = user    else:        user_info = ''    if flask.request.method == 'POST':        # 获取输入的学生信息        student_id = flask.request.values.get("student_id", "")        student_class = flask.request.values.get("student_class", "")        student_name = flask.request.values.get("student_name", "")        # student_sex = flask.request.values.get("student_sex", "")        student_id_result = re.search(r"^\d{8,}$", student_id)  # 限制用户名为全字母        # 验证通过        if student_id_result != None:  # 验证通过            # 获取下拉框的数据            select = flask.request.form.get('selected_one')            if select == '修改学生班级':                try:                    sql = "update students_infos set student_class=%s where student_id=%s;"                    cursor.execute(sql, (student_class, student_id))                    insert_result = "学生" + student_id + "的班级修改成功!"                except Exception as err:                    print(err)                    insert_result = "修改学生班级失败!"                    pass                db.commit()            if select == '修改学生姓名':                try:                    sql = "update students_infos set student_name=%s where student_id=%s;"                    cursor.execute(sql, (student_name, student_id))                    insert_result = "学生" + student_name + "的姓名修改成功!"                except Exception as err:                    print(err)                    insert_result = "修改学生姓名失败!"                    pass                db.commit()            if select == '删除学生':                try:                    sql_delete = "delete from students_infos where student_id='" + student_id + "';"                    cursor.execute(sql_delete)                    insert_result = "成功删除学生" + student_id                except Exception as err:                    print(err)                    insert_result = "删除失败"                    pass                db.commit()        else:  # 输入验证不通过            insert_result = "输入的格式不符合要求!"        # POST方法时显示数据        sql_list = "select * from students_infos"        cursor.execute(sql_list)        results = cursor.fetchall()    return flask.render_template('updata_student.html', user_info=user_info, insert_result=insert_result,                                 results=results)

前端页面 updata_student.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">    <title>学生成绩管理系统</title>    <link rel="icon" href="http://v3.bootcss.com/favicon.ico"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../static/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>        <style>            .container {            position: absolute;            width: 100%;            height: 100%;    }        * {            margin: 0;            padding: 0;        }        ul {            list-style-type: none;            margin: 0;            padding: 0;            width: 200px;            background-color: #f1f1f1;        }        li a {            display: block;            color: #000;            padding: 8px 16px;            text-decoration: none;        }        li a.active {            background-color: #4CAF50;            color: white;        }        li a:hover:not(.active) {            background-color: #555;            color: white;        }        li {            list-style: none;        }        a {            text-decoration: none;            color: white;        }        .header {            position: relative;            width: 100%;            height: 55px;            background-color: black;        }        .left {            position: absolute;            left: 20px;            font-size: 20px;            line-height: 55px;            color: white;            text-align: center;        }        .right {            position: absolute;            right: 160px;            line-height: 55px;            color: white;            text-align: center;        }        .right_right {            position: absolute;            right: 24px;            line-height: 55px;            color: white;            text-align: center;        }        .leftside {            float: left;            background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);            /* height: 663px; */            width: 230px;        }        .leftside ul {            height: 663px;        }        .leftside .first {            background-color: rgb(66, 139, 202);            margin-top: 25px;        }        .leftside .first a {            color: white;        }        .leftside {            float: left;            width: 200px;            height: 100%;        }        .leftside ul li {            border-bottom: 0.2px solid white;            font-size: 20px;            height: 60px;            line-height: 60px;            width: 100%;            text-align: center;        }        .container-fluid {            float: none;            width: 100%;            height: 100%;        }        .table-responsive {            margin-top: 10px;        }        .table-striped {            width: 1250px;        }        thead tr th {            background-color: white;        }    </style></head><body><div class="container">    <div class="header">        <span class="left">学 生 信 息 修 改</span>        <span class="right">你 好,{{user_info}}管 理 员!</span>        <span class="right_right"><a href="/">退出登陆</a></span>    </div>    <div class="leftside">        <ul>            <li><a href="/student">学生信息录入</a></li>             <li class="first"><a href="#">学生信息变动</a></li>            <li><a href="/teacher_class">老师开设课程查看</a></li>            <li><a href="/teacher">选课信息录入</a></li>            <li><a href="/grade">成绩信息录入</a></li>            <li><a href="/grade_infos">学生成绩查询</a></li>            <li><a href="/graduation">毕业去向</a></li>            <li><a href="/adminstator">系统管理员变动</a></li>        </ul>    </div>    <div class="container-fluid">        <h1 class="sub-header">学 生 信 息 修 改 系 统</h1>&nbsp;&nbsp;        <hr>        <div class="table-responsive">            <table class="table table-striped">                <thead>                    <tr>                        <th>学生学号<span>(限全数字的学号)</span></th>                        <th>学生班级<span></span></th>                        <th>学生姓名<span></span></th>                        <th>学生性别<span></span></th>-->                        <th>选择(修改/删除)学生</th>                    </tr>                </thead>                <tbody>                    <tr>                        <form action="" method="post">                            <td><input class="long" name="student_id"                                    type="text" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;                            </td>                            <td><input class="long" name="student_class" type="text" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>                            <td><input class="long" name="student_name"                                    type="text" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;                            </td>                            <td><select name="selected_one">                                    <option value="修改学生班级">修改学生班级</option>                                    <option value="修改学生姓名">修改学生姓名</option>                                    <option value="删除学生 ">删除学生</option>                                </select></td>                            <td><input class="last" type="submit" value="操作" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>                            <td class="doit"><span>操作结果:{{insert_result}}</span></td>                        </form>                    </tr>                    <tr>                        <td>学号</td>                        <td>班级</td>                        <td>姓名</td>                    </tr>                    {% for result in results %}                    <tr>                        <td>{{result[0]}}</td>                        <td>{{result[1]}}</td>                        <td>{{result[2]}}</td>                    </tr>                    {% endfor %}                </tbody>            </table>        </div>    </div></div></body></html>


四、学生成绩查询功能

如下图查询学号为20212248的学生成绩

 这里我们设计几种常见的查询方式,大家也可以自己添加。

 

完整代码 

@app.route('/grade_infos', methods=['GET', 'POST'])def grade_infos():    # login session值    if flask.session.get("login", "") == '':        # 用户没有登陆        print('用户还没有登陆!即将重定向!')        return flask.redirect('/')    query_result = ''    results = ''    # 当用户登陆有存储信息时显示用户名,否则为空    if users:        for user in users:            user_info = user    else:        user_info = ''    # 获取下拉框的数据    if flask.request.method == 'POST':        select = flask.request.form.get('selected_one')        query = flask.request.values.get('query')        print(select, query)        # 判断不同输入对数据表进行不同的处理        if select == '学号':            try:                sql = "select * from grade_infos where student_id = %s; "                cursor.execute(sql, query)                results = cursor.fetchall()                if results:                    query_result = '查询成功!'                else:                    query_result = '查询失败!'            except Exception as err:                print(err)                pass        if select == '姓名':            try:                sql = "select * from grade_infos where student_id in(select student_id from students_infos where student_name=%s);"                cursor.execute(sql, query)                results = cursor.fetchall()                if results:                    query_result = '查询成功!'                else:                    query_result = '查询失败!'            except Exception as err:                print(err)                pass        if select == '课程名称':            try:                sql = "select * from grade_infos where student_class_id in(select student_class_id from students_infos where student_class_id=%s);"                cursor.execute(sql, query)                results = cursor.fetchall()                if results:                    query_result = '查询成功!'                else:                    query_result = '查询失败!'            except Exception as err:                print(err)                pass        if select == "所在班级":            try:                sql = "select * from grade_infos where student_class_id in(select student_class_id from students_infos where student_class=%s);"                cursor.execute(sql, query)                results = cursor.fetchall()                if results:                    query_result = '查询成功!'                else:                    query_result = '查询失败!'            except Exception as err:                print(err)                pass    return flask.render_template('grade_infos.html', query_result=query_result, user_info=user_info, results=results)

前端页面 grade_infos.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">    <title>学生成绩管理系统</title>     <link rel="icon" href="http://v3.bootcss.com/favicon.ico">     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../static/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>        <style>            .container {            position: absolute;            width: 100%;            height: 100%;    }        * {            margin: 0;            padding: 0;        }        ul {            list-style-type: none;            margin: 0;            padding: 0;            width: 200px;            background-color: #f1f1f1;        }        li a {            display: block;            color: #000;            padding: 8px 16px;            text-decoration: none;        }        li a.active {            background-color: #4CAF50;            color: white;        }        li a:hover:not(.active) {            background-color: #555;            color: white;        }        li {            list-style: none;        }        a {            text-decoration: none;            color: white;        }        .header {            position: relative;            width: 100%;            height: 55px;            background-color: black;        }        .left {            position: absolute;            left: 20px;            font-size: 20px;            line-height: 55px;            color: white;            text-align: center;        }        .right {            position: absolute;            right: 160px;            line-height: 55px;            color: white;            text-align: center;        }        .right_right {            position: absolute;            right: 24px;            line-height: 55px;            color: white;            text-align: center;        }        .leftside {            float: left;            background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);            /* height: 663px; */            width: 230px;        }        .leftside ul {            height: 663px;        }        .leftside .first {            background-color: rgb(66, 139, 202);            margin-top: 25px;        }        .leftside .first a {            color: white;        }        .leftside {            float: left;            width: 200px;            height: 100%;        }        .leftside ul li {            border-bottom: 0.2px solid white;            font-size: 20px;            height: 60px;            line-height: 60px;            width: 100%;            text-align: center;        }        .container-fluid {            float: none;            width: 100%;            height: 100%;        }        .table-responsive {            margin-top: 10px;        }        .table-striped {            width: 1250px;        }        thead tr th {            background-color: white;        }    </style></head><body><div class="container">    <div class="header">        <span class="left">学 生 成 绩 查 询</span>        <span class="right">你 好,{{user_info}}老 师!</span>        <span class="right_right"><a href="/">退出登陆</a></span>    </div>    <div class="leftside">        <ul>            <li><a href="/student">学生信息录入</a></li>            <li><a href ="/updata_student">学生信息修改</a></li>            <li><a href="/teacher_class">老师开设课程查看</a></li>            <li><a href="/teacher">选课信息录入</a></li>            <li><a href="/grade">成绩信息录入</a></li>            <li class="first"><a href="#">学生成绩查询</a></li>            <li><a href="/graduation">毕业去向</a></li>            <li><a href="/adminstator">系统管理员变动</a></li>        </ul>    </div>    <div class="container-fluid">        <h1 class="sub-header">学 生 成 绩 查 询 系 统</h1>&nbsp;&nbsp;        <hr>        <div class="table-responsive">            <table class="table table-striped" cellspaing="10">                      <tbody>                    <tr>                        <form action="" method="post">                            <td><label for="#">请选择查询的方式:(学号/姓名/课程名称/所在班级)</label>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>                            <td><select name="selected_one">                                    <option value="学号" selected="selected">学号</option>                                    <option value="姓名">姓名</option>                                    <option value="课程号">课程号</option>                                    <option value="所在班级">所在班级</option>                                </select></td>&nbsp;                            <td><input class="long" type="text" name="query"></td>                            <td><input class="last" type="submit" value="查询" /></td>                            <td><span>查询结果:{{query_result}}</span></td>                        </form>                    </tr>                    <tr>                        <td>学生学号</td>                        <td>课程号</td>                        <td>成绩</td>                    </tr>                    {% for result in results %}                    <tr>                        <td>{{result[0]}}</td>                        <td>{{result[1]}}</td>                        <td>{{result[2]}}</td>                    </tr>                    {% endfor %}                </tbody>            </table>        </div>    </div></div></body></html>

 五、总结

因为实现原理都是相似的,所以我就不一个个去写了,就把增删查改功能各写一遍,剩下感兴趣的可以自己去尝试写下,要相信自己!总体来说还是一个值得初学者去练习的项目。

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