Linux系统之安装PostgreSQL数据库

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Linux系统之安装PostgreSQL数据库

一、PostgreSQL介绍1.PostgreSQL简介2.PostgreSQL特点 二、本次实践介绍1.本次实践介绍2.实践环境介绍 三、配置PostgreSQL的yum仓库源1.检查本地是否部署PostgreSQL2.配置镜像源3.检查yum仓库镜像源状态 四、安装PostgreSQL1.安装PostgreSQL2.初始化数据库3.启动PostgreSQL数据库4.检查PostgreSQL数据库状态 五、PostgreSQL的基本命令1.查看PostgreSQL相关文件2.PostgreSQL的相关命令 六、修改用户密码1.切换postgres用户2.登录PostgreSQL数据库3.修改PostgreSQL数据库用户密码 七、配置PostgreSQL远程访问1.配置远程访问2.重启PostgreSQL服务3.远程连接PostgreSQL数据库

一、PostgreSQL介绍

1.PostgreSQL简介

PostgreSQL (也叫 Postgres) 是一个自由的对象 - 关系数据库服务器 (数据库管理系统)，它在灵活的 BSD - 风格许可证下发行。它提供了相对其他开放源代码数据库系统 (比如 MySQL 和 Firebird)，和对专有系统比如 Oracle、Sybase、IBM 的 DB2 和 Microsoft SQL Server 的一种选择。

2.PostgreSQL特点

它是ORDBMS（面向对象的关系数据库管理系统）。外键引用完整性用户自定义的类型表的继承性视图、规则、子查询多版本并发控制(MVCC)复杂的锁定机制异步复制流式复制（从9.0开始）嵌套事务（保存点）

二、本次实践介绍

1.本次实践介绍

从小白视角，以最快速度在LInux系统上部署一个简单的PostgreSQL数据库。

2.实践环境介绍

hostname	IP地址	操作系统版本	PostgreSQL版本
jeven	192.168.3.166	centos 7.6	13.10

三、配置PostgreSQL的yum仓库源

1.检查本地是否部署PostgreSQL

检查本地环境是否部署过PostgreSQL

[root@jeven ~]# rpm -qa | grep postgres[root@jeven ~]# 

2.配置镜像源

配置PostgreSQL的yum仓库源，使用的是阿里提供的镜像源。

[root@jeven ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirrors.aliyun.com/postgresql/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpmRetrieving https://mirrors.aliyun.com/postgresql/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpmwarning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.kcnTVa: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEYPreparing...                          ################################# [100%]Updating / installing...   1:pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32         ################################# [100%][root@jeven ~]# sed -i "s@https://download.postgresql.org/pub@https://mirrors.aliyun.com/postgresql@g" /etc/yum.repos.d/pgdg-redhat-all.repo[root@jeven ~]# 

sed -i "s@https://download.postgresql.org/pub@https://mirrors.aliyun.com/postgresql@g" /etc/yum.repos.d/pgdg-redhat-all.repo

生成缓存

yum clean cacheyum makecache

3.检查yum仓库镜像源状态

[root@jeven yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all |grep enable base/7/x86_64                             CentOS-7 - Base - mirr enabled: 10,072docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64                 Docker CE Stable - x86 enabled:    211elrepo                                    ELRepo.org Community E enabled:    157epel/x86_64                               Extra Packages for Ent enabled: 13,770extras/7/x86_64                           CentOS-7 - Extras - mi enabled:    515mysql-connectors-community/x86_64         MySQL Connectors Commu enabled:    213mysql-tools-community/x86_64              MySQL Tools Community  enabled:     96mysql57-community/x86_64                  MySQL 5.7 Community Se enabled:    642pgdg-common/7/x86_64                      PostgreSQL common RPMs enabled:    396pgdg11/7/x86_64                           PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL enabled:  1,453pgdg12/7/x86_64                           PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL enabled:  1,071pgdg13/7/x86_64                           PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL enabled:    823pgdg14/7/x86_64                           PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL enabled:    552pgdg15/7/x86_64                           PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL enabled:    263remi-safe                                 Safe Remi's RPM reposi enabled:  5,134updates/7/x86_64                          CentOS-7 - Updates - m enabled:  4,857

四、安装PostgreSQL

1.安装PostgreSQL

使用yum直接PostgreSQL13的版本

[root@jeven yum.repos.d]# yum -y install postgresql13-serverLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * elrepo: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com * remi-safe: ftp.riken.jpResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package postgresql13-server.x86_64 0:13.10-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: postgresql13-libs(x86-64) = 13.10-1PGDG.rhel7 for package: postgresql13-server-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: postgresql13(x86-64) = 13.10-1PGDG.rhel7 for package: postgresql13-server-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5()(64bit) for package: postgresql13-server-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package postgresql13.x86_64 0:13.10-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed---> Package postgresql13-libs.x86_64 0:13.10-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================================================================================== Package                                  Arch                        Version                                   Repository                   Size==================================================================================================================================================Installing: postgresql13-server                      x86_64                      13.10-1PGDG.rhel7                         pgdg13                      5.4 MInstalling for dependencies: postgresql13                             x86_64                      13.10-1PGDG.rhel7                         pgdg13                      1.4 M postgresql13-libs                        x86_64                      13.10-1PGDG.rhel7                         pgdg13                      385 kTransaction Summary==================================================================================================================================================Install  1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)Total download size: 7.1 MInstalled size: 31 MDownloading packages:warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/pgdg13/packages/postgresql13-libs-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEYPublic key for postgresql13-libs-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm is not installed(1/3): postgresql13-libs-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                                                      | 385 kB  00:00:00     (2/3): postgresql13-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                                                           | 1.4 MB  00:00:01     (3/3): postgresql13-server-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                                                    | 5.4 MB  00:00:02     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total                                                                                                             2.6 MB/s | 7.1 MB  00:00:02     Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDGImporting GPG key 0x442DF0F8: Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>" Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8 Package    : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch (installed) From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDGRunning transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transactionWarning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.  Installing : postgresql13-libs-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                     1/3   Installing : postgresql13-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                          2/3   Installing : postgresql13-server-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                   3/3   Verifying  : postgresql13-server-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                   1/3   Verifying  : postgresql13-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                          2/3   Verifying  : postgresql13-libs-13.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                     3/3 Installed:  postgresql13-server.x86_64 0:13.10-1PGDG.rhel7                                                                                                  Dependency Installed:  postgresql13.x86_64 0:13.10-1PGDG.rhel7                               postgresql13-libs.x86_64 0:13.10-1PGDG.rhel7                              Complete!

2.初始化数据库

初始化PostgreSQL数据库

[root@jeven ~]# postgresql-13-setup initdbInitializing database ... OK

3.启动PostgreSQL数据库

启动PostgreSQL数据库，并设置开机自启。

[root@jeven ~]# systemctl enable postgresql-13[root@jeven ~]# systemctl start postgresql-13[root@jeven ~]# 

4.检查PostgreSQL数据库状态

检查当前PostgreSQL服务状态

[root@jeven ~]# systemctl status postgresql-13.service ● postgresql-13.service - PostgreSQL 13 database server   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-13.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)   Active: active (running) since Mon 2023-03-27 21:07:33 CST; 1min 34s ago     Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/static/  Process: 13256 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-13/bin/postgresql-13-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 13264 (postmaster)    Tasks: 8   Memory: 17.6M   CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-13.service           ├─13264 /usr/pgsql-13/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/           ├─13266 postgres: logger            ├─13268 postgres: checkpointer            ├─13269 postgres: background writer            ├─13270 postgres: walwriter            ├─13271 postgres: autovacuum launcher            ├─13272 postgres: stats collector            └─13273 postgres: logical replication launcher Mar 27 21:07:33 jeven systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 13 database server...Mar 27 21:07:33 jeven postmaster[13264]: 2023-03-27 21:07:33.325 CST [13264] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector processMar 27 21:07:33 jeven postmaster[13264]: 2023-03-27 21:07:33.325 CST [13264] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "log".Mar 27 21:07:33 jeven systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 13 database server.

五、PostgreSQL的基本命令

1.查看PostgreSQL相关文件

检查PostgreSQL服务端的所有相关文件所在目录

rpm -ql postgresql13-server

检查PostgreSQL客户端的所有相关文件所在目录

rpm -ql postgresql13

2.PostgreSQL的相关命令

PostgreSQL的所有相关命令文件

[root@jeven ~]# /usr/pgsql-13/bin/clusterdb                   pg_basebackup               pg_dumpall                  pg_test_timing              postmastercreatedb                    pgbench                     pg_isready                  pg_upgrade                  psqlcreateuser                  pg_checksums                pg_receivewal               pg_verifybackup             reindexdbdropdb                      pg_config                   pg_resetwal                 pg_waldump                  vacuumdbdropuser                    pg_controldata              pg_restore                  postgres                    initdb                      pg_ctl                      pg_rewind                   postgresql-13-check-db-dir  pg_archivecleanup           pg_dump                     pg_test_fsync               postgresql-13-setup 

六、修改用户密码

1.切换postgres用户

切换postgres用户

[root@jeven ~]# su - postgres-bash-4.2$ 

2.登录PostgreSQL数据库

登录后，提示符变为 ‘postgres=#’

[root@jeven ~]# su - postgres-bash-4.2$ psql -U postgrespsql (13.10)Type "help" for help.postgres=# 

3.修改PostgreSQL数据库用户密码

修改PostgreSQL数据库用户密码

postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';ALTER ROLE

七、配置PostgreSQL远程访问

1.配置远程访问

修改/var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf配置文件，开启远程访问。
删除localhost，改为监听所有，或者自己指定的服务器IP地址。

-bash-4.2$ grep listen /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conflisten_addresses = '*'# what IP address(es) to listen on;

修改/var/lib/pgsql/13/data/pg_hba.conf文件，新增以下两行：

host    all            all      127.0.0.1/32      identhost    all            all      0.0.0.0/0  md5

2.重启PostgreSQL服务

重启PostgreSQL服务

 systemctl restart postgresql-13.service 

3.远程连接PostgreSQL数据库

使用psql命令远程连接PostgreSQL数据库

[root@jeven ~]# psql -h192.168.3.166  -Upostgres -WPassword: psql (13.10)Type "help" for help.postgres=# \l                                  List of databases   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges   -----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------------- postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |  template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres(3 rows)postgres=# 

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